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°¡. ¿ø°íÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÎ ¼Ò¿Ü 1Àº 1999. 8. 20. ÇÇ°í¿Í »çÀÌ¿¡ ÂüÆ°Æ°ÀÚ³à»ç¶ûÁ¾ÇÕº¸Çè(Áõ±Ç¹øÈ£ : 6890006912) °è¾à(ÀÌÇÏ 'ÀÌ »ç°Ç º¸Çè°è¾à'À̶ó ÇÑ´Ù)À» ü°áÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, À§ º¸Çè°è¾à¿¡¼ ÇǺ¸ÇèÀÚ´Â ¿ø°í·Î ÇÏ°í, º¸Çè±â°£Àº 1999. 8. 20.ºÎÅÍ 2014. 8. 20.±îÁö·Î Çϸç, ÇÇ°í´Â ÇǺ¸ÇèÀÚ°¡ ±Þ°ÝÇÏ°íµµ ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ ¿Ü·¡ÀÇ »ç°í·Î ½Åü¿¡ »óÇظ¦ ÀÔÀº °æ¿ì ±×·Î ÀÎÇÑ »óÇØÀÔ¿øºñ´Â »ç°íÀϷκÎÅÍ 180ÀÏ Çѵµ·Î ÀÔ¿ø 1ÀÏ´ç 2¸¸ ¿ø¾¿À» ÇǺ¸ÇèÀÚ¿¡°Ô Áö±ÞÇϱâ·Î ¾àÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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Supreme Court Decision 2005Da23858 Delivered on July 28, 2005 [Insurance Proceeds]
[Main Issues]
[1] The meaning of "juristic acts contrary to social order" rendered null and void under Article 103 of the Civil Code
[2] The validity of an insurance contract executed for the purpose of unjust acquisition of insurance proceeds through a large number of insurance contracts (negative)
[3] The case finding an insurance contract as executed for the purpose of unjust acquisition of insurance proceeds and therefore invalid for being contrary to good morals and other social order
[Summary of Decision]
[1] Juristic acts contrary to social order rendered as null and void under Article 103 of the Civil Code include not only acts whose rights and obligations contravene good morals and other social order, but also acts which contravene social order because of its nature of being contrary to social order, arising from their mandatory implementation by law, or its combination with motive which is contrary to social order, and acts whose motive, expressed or known to the other party, is contrary to social order.
[2] In the case where a person enters into an insurance contract for the purpose of unjust acquisition of insurance proceeds through a large number of insurance contracts, it will engender deviation from social appropriateness because it will encourage abuse of insurance and speculative mental attitude attempting to gain unjust enrichment, and it will further undermine the purpose of insurance system, i.e., reasonable diversification of risk, destroy a fortuitous nature of the occurrence of risks, and bring about the sacrifice of numerous bona fide purchasers of insurance contracts, thereby impairing the very foundation of the insurance system. Therefore, such insurance contract is null and void as against good morals and other social order.
[3] The case holding that in light of the insurance contract purchasers' occupation, property ownership and reasons for executing a large number of insurance contracts, the size of insurance contracts, the circumstances that existed after executing the insurance contracts, etc., it is difficult to find that they executed the insurance contracts for the pure purpose of preparing for fortuitous occurrence of risk to life and body, but it is possible to infer that it was executed for the purpose of unjustly acquiring insurance proceeds under the pretense of occurrence of insured risks or by exaggerating the size of damages, and therefore, the insurance contract is null and void as against good morals and other social order under Article 103 of the Civil Code
[Reference Provisions]
[1] Article 103 of the Civil Code / [2] Article 103 of the Civil Code, Article 737 of the Commercial Code / [3] Article 103 of the Civil Code, Article 737 of the Commercial Code
Articles 103 of the Civil Code (Juristic Acts Contrary to Social Order) Juristic act aiming at such matters that are contrary to good morals and other social order is null and void.
Article 737 of the Commercial Code (Liability of Insurer of Accident Insurance) The insurer in a contract of injury insurance shall be liable to pay for the insured amount and provide other benefits in the event an insured accident occurs relating to body injury.
[Reference Cases]
[1] Supreme Court Decision 93Da40522 delivered on March 11, 1994 (Gong1994Sang, 1178), Supreme Court Decision 99Da56833 delivered on February 11, 2000 (Gong2000Sang, 686), Supreme Court Decision 99Da38613 delivered on February 9, 2001 (Gong2001Sang, 601), Supreme Court Decision 99Da33311 delivered on November 27, 2001 (Gong2002Sang, 144) / [2] Supreme Court Decision 99Da49064 delivered on February 11, 2000 (Gong2000Sang, 669)
[Plaintiff-Appellee] Plaintiff
[Defendant-Appellant] Shindonga Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. (Attorney Oh Chang-soo, Counsel for defendant-appellant)
[Judgment of the court below] Seoul High Court Decision 2004Na48685 delivered on April 7, 2005
[Disposition]
Of the judgment of the court below, the part that ruled against the defendant is reversed and the corresponding part of this case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.
[Reasoning]
1. The Facts Found by the Court Below
A. The non-party 1, the father of the plaintiff, entered into a Chamteunteun child love total insurance (insurance certificate no. 6890006912) (hereinafter referred to as "insurance contract in this case") with the defendant on August 20, 1999, according to which the plaintiff is the insured, and the insurance period is from August 20, 1999 to August 20, 2014. Under the policy, the insurer shall pay 20,000 won per each hospitalization day up to 180 days to the insured in case of bodily injuries caused by sudden and fortuitous accidents.
B. The plaintiff suffered from a right-side humerus fracture (hereinafter referred to as "insurance accident in this case") on September 15, 1999, when he fell down at the roller skating stadium located in Koheung, the Province of Jeonnam, and was treated for 52 days from Sep. 15, 1999 to Nov. 5, 1999 at the Korea Orthopedics Clinic in Koheung in the Province of Jeonnam. Article 28 of the insurance contract clauses in this case provides that "the company determines the insurance proceeds promptly upon the receipt of the notice of occurrence of losses, and make payment within 3 days from the determination (Paragraph 1); when the company receives the documents claiming the insurance proceeds, it should issue the receipt, and make payment within 10 days from its issuance; however, where it is obvious that the investigation and determination of losses will take more than 30 days, the company shall notify the ground to the insured or the beneficiary, and make payment within 3 days from the resolution of such cause (Paragraph 2)."
2. The Judgment below
According to its fact findings, the court below found that the defendant was obligated to pay to the plaintiff the total expenses of hospitalization for injury of 1,040,000 won (20,000 won x 52 days) plus damages for any delay in payment, under the insurance contract in this case. The court below rejected the defendant's affirmative defense that the insurance contract in this case is null and void as being contrary to good morals and other social order since the non-party 1 entered into the insurance contract in this case for the purpose of unjust acquisition of insurance proceeds. The court below based its decision on the ground that the insurance contract in this case cannot be determined as being null and void for being contrary to good morals and other social order merely because the non-parties 1 and 2, the wife of the non-party 1, executed multiple insurance contracts and no other evidences were submitted to prove that the non-party 1 entered into the insurance contract in this case for the purpose of unjust acquisition of insurance proceeds.
3. The Judgment of the Supreme Court
However, we cannot agree with the above decision of the court below for the following reasons.
Juristic act contrary to social order rendered as null and void under Article 103 of the Civil Code includes not only acts whose rights and obligations contravene good morals and other social order, but also acts which contravene social order because of its nature of being contrary to social order, arising from their mandatory implementation by law, or its combination with motive which is contrary to social order, and acts whose the motive, expressed or known to the other party, is contrary to social order (see Supreme Court Decisions 99Da56833 delivered on Feb. 11, 2000, 99Da33311 delivered on Nov. 27, 2001). In the case where a person enters into an insurance contract for the purpose of unjust acquisition of insurance proceeds through a large number of insurance contracts, it will engender deviation from social appropriateness because it will encourage abuse of insurance and speculative mental attitude attempting to gain unjust enrichment, and it will further undermine the purpose of insurance system, i.e., reasonable diversification of risk, destroy a fortuitous nature of the occurrence of risks, and bring about the sacrifice of numerous bona fide purchasers of insurance contracts, thereby impairing the very foundation of the insurance system. Therefore, such insurance contract is null and void as against good morals and other social order (see Supreme Court Decision 99Da49604 delivered on Feb. 11, 2000).
The facts on the records reveal the followings: the non-party 1 and the non-party 2 successfully bid for four-story building for motel and pub in Koheung, the Province of Jeonnam with the loan from the financial institution and completed a title transfer registration under the non-party 1's name on November 16, 1996, but the financial institution secured a collateral upon the above building to the maximum amount of 706 million won by August 18, 1998, and thus, they practically could not exercise any property right as to the building; the non-party 1 and the non-party 2 defaulted on monthly interest payment of 2,500,000 won on the loan from the financial institution for the difficulties in operating the pub and the motel, and thus the Korea Exchange Bank filed a prejudgment attachment on November 7, 1998, and the Kwangju Bank filed for a voluntary auction on February 23, 1999; the non-party 1 and the non-party 2 entered into about 25 insurance contracts (mostly after 1998) under their names and those of their young children, the plaintiff (born in 1992) and the non-party 3 (born in 1996), and thereafter, additional 72 insurance contracts were intensively executed up until the end of 1999, and the total of 97 insurances was executed under the names of the non-parties 1,2, 3 and plaintiff (mostly casualty insurance, with the total monthly insurance premium of around 3,749,890 won, the total insured amount of around 1,500 million won; the total number of insurance contracts would be 156, if insurances executed under the name of relatives and friends of the non-parties 1 and 2 would be included.); the insurance contract in this case was executed on August 20, 1999, which belongs to the period between around November 1998 and the end of 1999, the period when the non-party 1 and the non-party 2 massively purchased 97 insurance contracts under their names and those of their children, and the non-party 1 and the non-party 2 had already executed about 60 insurance contracts prior to executing the insurance contract in this case; non-party 1 and the non-party 2 made a living by selling the non-party 2's immovable properties or loan by providing them as collateral without any particular job or income when they entered into the aforementioned insurance contracts, and it appears that there were no reasonable reasons for the non-party 1 and the non-party 2 to execute such a large number of insurance contracts within a short period of time; it appears that the non-party 1 and the non-party 2 did not give proper notice on the presence of other insurance contracts at the time of purchasing such a large number of insurances; the non-party 1, the non-party 2, their children (the plaintiff, the non-party 3) received the insurance proceeds of about 310 million won between 1999 and 2000 by reporting occurrences of insured risks and submitting multiple claims, and also filed lawsuits against the insurance company which refused to voluntary pay insurance proceeds; the non-party 1 and the non-party 2 were sentenced to four year imprisonment, and four year probation of two year and six months imprisonment, respectively, on September 3, 2004 in the Pyungtaek Branch of Suwon District Court for committing the crimes of fraudulent acquisition of insurance proceeds or attempting the same, by entering into a large number of insurance contracts during a short period of time, and then filing false claims, pretending the occurrences of insured risks or using forged certificates of medical treatment (hospitalization); the insured risk in this case occurred 26 days after the insurance contract in this case was executed, the hospitalization period as alleged by the plaintiff is relatively a long term compared to the history of the accident and the extent of injury; and the amount of insurance proceeds that other insurance companies voluntarily paid to the plaintiff for this insured casualty exceeds around 30 million won.
In light of the above legal principles, if we consider all relevant circumstances including the occupation and property ownership of the non-party 1 and the non-party 2, their reasons for executing a large number of insurance contracts, the size of insurance proceeds, the circumstances that existed after the execution of the insurance contracts, etc., it is difficult to find that the non-party 1 executed the insurance contract in this case for the pure purpose of preparing for a fortuitous occurrence of risk to life and body, but it is possible to infer that it was executed for the purpose of unjustly acquiring insurance proceeds under the pretense of occurrence of insured risks or exaggerating the size of damages. Therefore, the insurance in this case is null and void as against good morals and other social order under Article 103 of the Civil Code
Nevertheless, the court below rejected the defendant's affirmative defense that the insurance contract in this case is null and void as against good morals and other social order under Article 103 of the Civil Code, because it was executed for the purpose of unjustly acquiring the insurance proceeds. The above decision contains an error of law such as misconception of facts in violation of the rules of evidence or the misunderstanding of legal principles as to the validity of multiple insurance contracts and Article 103 of the Civil Code, and the errors affected the conclusion of judgment.
4. Conclusion
Therefore, of the judgment of the court below, the part that ruled against the defendant is reversed, and the corresponding part of the case is remanded to the court below for a new trial and determination. It is so decided as per Disposition with the assent of all participating Justices.
Justices Koh Hyun-chul (Presiding Justice)
Yoon Jae-sik (Justice in Charge)
Kang Shin-wook
Kim Young-ran |