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Supreme Court Decision 99Da49064 delivered on February 11, 2000 [Insurance Proceeds] 


¡¼Main Issues¡½

[1]The validity of a life insurance contract executed solely for the purpose of receiving the insurance proceeds by disguising the occurrence of an insured event from the outset (void)

[2]In the event that one of the co-inheritors executed a life insurance contract with such inheritors as the beneficiaries for the purpose of fraudulently receiving the insurance proceeds by murdering the insured and subsequently murdered the insured, whether other co-inheritors who did not intentionally cause the occurrence of the insured event are entitled to claim the insurance proceeds (negative)

¡¼Summary of Decision¡½

[1]Because a life insurance contract is an arrangement under which certain amount of money is to be paid upon an accidental occurrence of an insured event, there are concerns of moral hazard of intentionally murdering the insured for the purpose of receiving the insurance proceeds, therefore there is a strong demand for good faith in executing a life insurance contract (i.e., bona fide execution of the contract). When a life insurance contract is executed for the sole purpose of receiving the insurance proceeds by disguising the occurrence of an insured event from the outset, there is a serious risk of inducing illegal conduct of unfair enrichment at the cost of a human life, and allowing the payment of insurance proceeds in accordance with the life insurance contract executed with such a purpose would incite the speculative spirits to gain undue profits through the abuse of insurance contract and result in deviation from the social equity. Thus, such a life insurance contract shall be null and void as an act that is contrary to sound social policy.

[2]A life insurance contract executed for the purpose of defrauding the insurance proceeds by murdering the insured is null and void as an act contrary to sound social policy. Therefore, in the event that one of the co-inheritors executed a life insurance contract with the other inheritors as the beneficiaries and subsequently murdered the insured, other co-inheritors are not entitled to claim the insurance proceeds from the insurer even though such other co-inheritors did not intentionally cause the occurrence of the insured event.

¡¼Reference Provisions¡½ [1] Article 103 of the Civil Code, Paragraph 1 of Article 659 of the Commercial Code / [2] Article 103 of the Civil Code, Paragraph 1 of Article 659 of the Commercial Code
Articles 103 of the Civil Code
(Acts Contrary to sound social policy) A legal act which has for its object matters contrary to public policy and sound social policy shall be null and void.
Article 659 of the Commercial Code (Reasons for Exemption of Liability) (1) In the event an insured event occurs due to an intentional act or gross negligence of the policyholder, of the insured, or of the beneficiary, the insurer shall not be liable for the payment of the insurance proceeds. 

¡¼Plaintiff, Appellant¡½ Plaintiff (Attorney Lee Hwan-kwon, Counsel for plaintiff-appellant)

¡¼Defendant, Appellee¡½ Metlife Korea and 1 other (Attorney Han Gui-gwang and 7 others, Counsel for defendant-appellee)

¡¼Court of First Instance¡½ Incheon District Court Judgment 98Gahap12968 delivered on February 19, 1999

¡¼Court of Second Instance¡½ Seoul Hight Court Judgment 99Na19454 delivered on July 29, 1999

¡¼Disposition¡½ This appeal shall be dismissed. All costs of appeals shall be assessed against the plaintiff-appellant.

¡¼reasoning¡½ The grounds for appeal are examined as follows. The supplementary grounds submitted after the legal due date are examined only to the extent that they concern grounds for appeal submitted within the due date.

Because a life insurance contract is an arrangement under which certain sum of money is to be paid upon an accidental occurrence of an insured event, there are concerns of moral hazard of intentionally murdering the insured for the purpose of receiving the insurance proceeds. Therefore, there is a strong demand for good faith in executing a life insurance contract (i.e., bona fide execution of the contract). When a life insurance contract is executed for the sole purpose of receiving the insurance proceeds by disguising the occurrence of an insured event from the outset, there is a serious risk of inducing illegal conduct of unjust enrichment at the cost of a human life, and allowing the payment of insurance proceeds in accordance with the life insurance contract executed with such a purpose would incite the speculative spirits to gain undue profits through the abuse of insurance contract and result in deviation from the social equity. Thus, such a life insurance contract shall be null and void as an act that is contrary to sound social policy.

Pursuant to the findings of the court below, non-party A decided to defraud the insurance proceeds by insuring his wife, non-party B, as the insured, for a life insurance policy and subsequently murdering her; in early June of 1997, A conspired with non-party C to murder B by disguising as a traffic accident; in early July of 1997, C introduced to A a contract murderer, D; on July 9, 1997, A executed life insurance contracts referred to in the decision of the court below with B as the policyholder and insured, and her inheritors as the beneficiaries, without B's knowledge, and paid the first insurance premium on the same day; A paid 10 million won to D in early August of 1997 as an advance payment and A and D jointly attempted to murder B several times; on September 4, 1997, at approximately 2:10, D hit B with a taxicab he was driving at the construction site referred to in the decision of the court below, by which B was killed immediately; and B was survived by her husband, A and her mother who is the plaintiff-appellant. The life insurance contracts executed by A for the purpose of defrauding the insurance proceeds by causing the occurrence of the insured event, i.e., murdering the insured, B, from the outset, are null and void as contrary to sound social policy, thus, the plaintiff, who is one of the co-inheritors and the beneficiaries, is not entitled to claim the insurance proceeds from the defendants even though the plaintiff did not intentionally cause the occurrence of the insured event.


Although we find certain inappropriate points in the reasoning of the court below, because the judgment of the court below denying the plaintiff's claim for the insurance proceeds on the ground that the life insurance contracts in this case shall be null and void as contrary to sound social policy is justified, there exists no reversible error in the judgment of the court below as alleged by the appellant of misinterpreting the legal principle regarding Article 103 of the Civil Code or contradicting the decision of the Supreme Court.

Accordingly, the appeal shall be dismissed and all costs of the appeal shall be assessed against the plaintiff-appellant. This decision is delivered with the assent of all Justices who reviewed the appeal.

Justices Lee Don-hui (Presiding Justice)

Lee Im-soo

Song Jin-hun (Justice in charge)

Yoon Jae-sik